---
title: "Assembly Language and Hardware Notes"
type: "article"
slug: "assembly-language-and-hardware-notes"
url: "http://localhost/article/assembly-language-and-hardware-notes/"
markdown_url: "http://localhost/article/assembly-language-and-hardware-notes.md"
published_at: "2026-03-15T01:20:31+00:00"
modified_at: "2026-03-15T01:20:31+00:00"
featured_image:
  url: "http://localhost/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/20230809-041332.jpg"
excerpt: "Commentary on machine code and assembly language articles in Vancouver TSUG newsletter: V. Lee's ongoing TS2068 assembly language series, and Wilf Rigter's techniques for speeding up the ZX-81/TS1000 by modifying display routines—achieving greater gains than the roughly 15% boost from a 4MHz clock speed increase. Also discusses hardware modification trends across newsletters (shift toward QL…"
category:
  - name: "TS Bulletin"
    slug: "ts-bulletin"
    taxonomy: "category"
    url: "http://localhost/category/periodicals/ts-bulletin/"
post_tag:
  - name: "Machine language programming"
    slug: "machine-language"
    taxonomy: "post_tag"
    url: "http://localhost/tag/machine-language/"
  - name: "QL"
    slug: "ql"
    taxonomy: "post_tag"
    url: "http://localhost/tag/ql/"
  - name: "TS 1000"
    slug: "ts1000"
    taxonomy: "post_tag"
    url: "http://localhost/tag/ts1000/"
  - name: "TS 2068"
    slug: "ts2068"
    taxonomy: "post_tag"
    url: "http://localhost/tag/ts2068/"
model:
  - name: "Sinclair QL"
    slug: "sinclair-ql"
    taxonomy: "model"
    url: "http://localhost/model/sinclair-ql/"
  - name: "Timex/Sinclair 1000"
    slug: "ts-1000"
    taxonomy: "model"
    url: "http://localhost/model/ts-1000/"
  - name: "Timex/Sinclair 2068"
    slug: "ts-2068"
    taxonomy: "model"
    url: "http://localhost/model/ts-2068/"
indiv:
  - name: "Bill Harmer"
    slug: "bill-harmer"
    taxonomy: "indiv"
    url: "http://localhost/indiv/bill-harmer/"
publication_r:
  id: 10282
  title: "TS Bulletin"
  type: "periodical"
  url: "http://localhost/periodical/ts-bulletin/"
authors_r:
  - name: "Bill Harmer"
    slug: "bill-harmer"
    taxonomy: "indiv"
    url: "http://localhost/indiv/bill-harmer/"
issue: "1"
issues_articles:
  - id: 33986
    title: "TS Bulletin 1-1990"
    type: "issue"
    url: "http://localhost/issue/ts-bulletin-1-1990/"
pages: "2"
pubdate: "January 1990"
archive_link: false
---

Commentary on machine code and assembly language articles in Vancouver TSUG newsletter: V. Lee’s ongoing TS2068 assembly language series, and Wilf Rigter’s techniques for speeding up the ZX-81/TS1000 by modifying display routines—achieving greater gains than the roughly 15% boost from a 4MHz clock speed increase. Also discusses hardware modification trends across newsletters (shift toward QL mods), and highlights Donald Lambert (CRAGIST) building a minimal ZX-81 short board (ROM, RAM, EPROM only, no ULA or keyboard) used as a kite-camera controller.